In Mexico, financial culture is a pending subject for much of the population. The habit of saving and investing is indispensable to achieve financial freedom and building a path to entrepreneurship.
“Saving and investing is not just a matter of numbers; It is an act of trust among ourselves and a commitment to our future, ”he says, in an interview, Liliana Olivares, CEO of Adulting, a platform dedicated to financial education.
52% of the population over 18 has some type of savings, of which 49.3% are women and 55.2% are men; while 57.3% of the savers had an amount equivalent to up to a fortnight of what they earned or received and only 10.3% saved amounts greater than three months, according to the latest national survey on Financial Health (Ensafi), prepared by the National Commission for the Protection and Defense of Users of Financial Services (Condusef), in collaboration with the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI).
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“Much of the Mexicans who did not save, is already beginning to do so, although there is still much to go,” he says. Despite this advance, the adulting CEO emphasizes that the real challenge is to learn not only to save, but also to invest strategically to make money grow.
On the other hand, 36.2% of the population reported having some type of debt, of which 38.7% corresponds to men and 34.1% to women. 17.1% considered that their debt was high or excessive, while 48.9% described it as moderate, according to INEGI.
Olivares explains that one of the main barriers to consolidate the habit of savings and not have debts is the lack of clear objectives. “One of the great mistakes is that people save just because they must do it, but it does not put an intention or objective to the effort they are making.”
Therefore, he proposes that each person wondered: “What do I want to achieve?”, Define specific goals, “plan a personal dream,” he says. Given this decision, meaning will allow savings. In addition, it suggests establishing concrete amounts and dates, so that the objectives are attainable and measurable. “To allocate a fixed percentage of admission to savings every fortnight or every month.”
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Also, to generate savings, for the first time, it suggests separating resources into accounts other than daily use and programming automatic transfers from technological applications, a useful tool for those who wish to build a savings fund without complications. “There are applications that automatically divide the money, without the need for one to do it, because it may happen that we forget or leave it for later,” he says.
Objectives designed
“The financial objectives must be thought and not for impulses,” he says, in an interview, Francisco Orozco, a regional professor and leader at the Fair Center for Financial Access, Inclusion and Research of the Technological of Monterrey, and co -author of the book Financial culture: my money, my future.
“The savings are going to depend on the life stage of each person, beyond the challenges, all people have financial objectives, in the short or medium term, then it depends on what one wants,” says Francisco.
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Likewise, the finance expert recommends that the ideal to start saving is to make the rule of 50, 30 and 20. “That is, of your monthly income 50% must be allocated to fixed expenses (rent, food, tuition, clothing , etc.), 30%, are for tastes (such as parties, trips and fun), the remaining 20% must be aimed at investment savings. ”
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However, Liliana Olivares warns that “no one will become a millionaire only saving, (but) will be investing,” says Liliana Olivares. The investment allows money to grow without requiring too much time or effort from the saver.
Therefore, both specialists agree that the ideal is to invest in CETES, because, according to the Bank of Mexico (Banxico), the certificates of the Federation Treasury are an instrument of stock debt issued by the federal government. “They are promissory notes that the government has to raise funds in a certain period and that generate yields to those who invest in them.”
“Before, if you wanted to invest in Cetes, you had to go to a bank; Now, you can buy 100 pesos from CETs from your phone, so it is also to break the digital fear (to the world). Financial education must be accompanied by digital education, ”says Francisco Orozco.
Another point mentioned by specialists, are banks loans. “Of course, credits cards are good, as long as they know how to use them,” says Liliana Olivares.
While Francisco Orozco points out that, “people must understand that credit is not an extension of salary, it is a tool that helps play with the monthly flow of our income.”
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Financial well -being
To boost financial inclusion in the country, it could be beneficial to design and implement strategies that consider the following approaches: financial education, adequate financial products, social inclusion, financial innovation and public policies, ”explains a study by Deloitte Mexico.
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In this sense, Francisco Orozco warns the following: “A financial education is needed, but what really matters is to talk about financial well -being.”
Financial well -being can be sought through the formulation of a budget that takes into account the monthly income of each person, with the purpose of allocating resources for savings and investing, as a way of exposing income in the short, medium and long term.
“People think that investing means becoming a millionaire and reality goes further, but that investing aims to have financial health, and the principle is that your money does not lose value, just as generating heritage after investing,” he says The academic of Tec de Monterrey.