Immigrants in Europe and North America win, on average, almost 18% less than the premises, since they have difficulties in accessing better paid jobs in sectors, professions and companies, says a new research published on Wednesday in the magazine Nature.
However, according to what was observed in nine countries, the wage gap varies greatly between them. Spain (29.3%) and Canada (27.5%) had the greatest differences, and Norway (20.3%), Germany (19.6%), France (18.9%) and the Netherlands (15.4%) recorded average differences.
The smallest gaps in relation to the premises were found in the United States (10.6%), Denmark (9.2%) and Sweden (7.0%).
The study analyzes data from employers and employees of 13.5 million people in these nine immigrant recipient countries.
Directed by Are Skeie Hermansen, from the University of Oslo, the study was conducted by researchers from more than a dozen universities around the world.
The study aims to quantify the salary gap between immigrants and natives in the nine countries, as well as identify the origin of salary disparities.
That is, if immigrants earn less because they end in industries, occupations and companies with lower salaries, or if they earn less because they are paid less than non -immigrants to do the same work in the same company.
The article document that the general salary gap between immigrants and natives, which stood at 17.9%, is not mainly due to salary inequality for the same work, but to limited access to immigrants to better sectors, occupations and better paid companies (which is known as classification).
More specifically, three quarters of the difference were due to the classification in jobs with lower salaries and the remaining quarter was due to salary differences due to the same work and in the same company (which is known as inequality within the work).
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Second generation immigrants still fall into a salary gap
In the countries where data were available (Canada, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Norway and Sweden), the researchers also analyzed the children of immigrants to discover if the same income patterns were maintained throughout the generations.
In the case of the second generation, the general gap had reduced to 5.7%, but continued to persist, especially in the case of the children of immigrants from Africa and the Middle East. The salary difference within the same job was, on average, 1.1%.
For authors, research has important political implications, since it indicates whether integration measures must focus on salary equality for the same work or improve access to better paid jobs.
The results highlight the importance of policies aimed at improving access, through measures such as linguistic training, skills development, job search, national education opportunities, recognition of foreign titles and improving access to information and networks relevant to employment.
Policies aimed at combating employers’ prejudices in hiring and promotion decisions can also be effective.
With EFE information
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